Bulletin of the Automobile and Highway Institute

Improvement of the Potential Risk Assessment Technique of the Harmful Factors Exposure in the Production Conditions of Energy Complex Enterprises

О. L. Darienko — 2025-03-31

Existing methods for determining the level of danger from the complex impact of harmful factors in production conditions are based on the Liebig minimum principle, the disadvantage of which is that it takes into account factors that have the maximum impact. At the same time, other factors, even if they do not exceed permissible standards, also affect the health of workers. One way to overcome this contradiction is to use probabilistic assessments of the danger level of the production environment.
For this purpose, the paper proposes a technique to determine the level of danger in the working area of the thermal power plants using a risk function that allows for the automation of decision-making processes in the field of the labour protection and safety of production processes. The proposed approach allows to avoid subjective influence when determining the class of working conditions and, accordingly, to establish adequate amounts of compensation and benefits for work in harmful working conditions. The solution to this problem will ensure a unified approach to assessing workplaces based on working conditions, regardless of the industry, and, at the same time, the implementation of the principles of the concept of acceptable risk.

Economic and Mathematical Model Formalization for Optimizing the Priorities of Enrolling Applicants in a University

N. V. Gumeniuk — 2025-03-31

In today's world, where information technology plays a key role, software development is becoming an
increasingly urgent task. In particular, the creation of a software product that automates the process of processing data about applicants, integrates it into universities and reduces administrative costs, increasing the economic sustainability and profitability of educational institutions.
The development of the integrated platform for applicants will make it possible to track their progress at the stages of competitive selection and registration, as well as receive the latest updates. The introduction of such a system and the creation of a single data transmission channel through various applications will increase the efficiency of
universities. The key task of the software development for the admissions committee is the automation of processes. This will reduce manual labour and errors by automating tasks such as processing applications, checking documents and calculating points.
The existing integrated solutions for applicants have a number of problems. They can be difficult to set up and integrate with existing higher education systems. To use the software effectively, it is necessary to train employees, which can take time and resources.
Despite the fact that many approaches were developed in this area, the issue of creating effective algorithms for processing information within the framework of an admission campaign remains relevant and requires further study. This is necessary to create a universal model for accounting and analyzing data on applicants, regardless of the university where the admission campaign takes place, and from the list of training areas for which students are being recruited. This model allows not only to form key principles and algorithms for processing information about applicants when they are enrolled in the higher education institution, but also to assess the economic benefits of this model implementation.

Analysis of the Economic and Mathematical Model for Optimizing the Online Store Website Promotion

M. M. Gumeniuk — 2025-03-31

The rapid development of information technology and a new stage in the development of economic relations contribute to the active spread of e-commerce. Ordering of goods from online stores saves the customer from spending time in queues. The growth of online commerce not only simplifies the lives of consumers, but also contributes to the economic activity increase.
In order for a website to be profitable and rank high in search engines, it takes a lot of efforts. The competition in this area is high, so it is necessary to constantly improve and optimize your website to keep it relevant and attractive to users. One of the problems is the low site visibility, due to which it does not appear on the first pages of search
results. Different models were analyzed. The Semi-Markov Process model can correlate the traffic indicators of pages belonging to the same site. The second model, the Markov Chain, can compare different sites according to their friendliness to visitors. These models play an important role in the effective promotion of an online store, improving the user’s experience and increasing its optimization.
One of the modern solutions for website promotion in search engines is the use of SEO techniques. This process includes optimizing the content and structure of a web resource in order to meet the criteria of search algorithms. SEO optimization helps improve the site’s position in search results, which, in turn, increases the likelihood that users will visit it.

Artificial Intelligence Application in Making and Implementing Management Decisions

B. S. Rudnev — 2025-03-31

Modern digital technologies have a huge impact on public administration, industry, medicine and entrepreneurship, contributing to the creation of new business models and increasing their efficiency. Artificial intelligence plays a key role in this process, acting as the basis for the digital transformation of the economy and a driver of innovation. In this regard, the article examines the possibilities of using artificial intelligence in the process of making management decisions. The application of artificial intelligence in management decisions is based on a number of advanced technologies, each of which performs unique functions for analyzing, forecasting and optimizing processes. Particular attention is paid to the artificial intelligence technologies such as neural networks, genetic algorithms, fuzzy logic systems and hyperautomation, which make it possible to analyze data, predict processes and optimize management. The key areas of artificial intelligence development with an emphasis on the need for personnel training, research funding, and compliance with ethical and social standards are analyzed. The application of artificial intelligence contributes to increased business efficiency, sustainable development, and the creation of new opportunities for management and society as a whole.

Development of Tools for the Formation and Assessment of the Management Personnel Competencies in a Modern Organization

О. L. Darienko — 2025-03-31

The assessment of the management personnel competencies is an important component of improving the efficiency of a modern organization. Today, there is a pressing need for complex and comprehensive methods for assessing the competencies of management personnel. Therefore, modern approaches that provide an objective assessment of top management competencies must be continuously developed and improved.
In this regard, the competency models developed by leading corporations are of great practical interest. The analysis showed that the greatest opportunities for determining the competence level of of the organization’s management personnel are provided by the «20 Facets» model developed by the British company A&DC. Its distinctive features are a small number of groups and understandable competencies in their composition, which simplifies the process of assessing the competencies of employees.
In order to develop an effective toolkit for assessing the competencies of the top-level managers, the article defines the directions for adapting the «20 Facets» model to the requirements for assessing top managers’ competencies, namely: the need to assess competencies that characterize the level of managers’ proficiency in skills in their specialty and profile of activity; the feasibility of differentiating the requirements for professional competencies of functional and linear top managers; the feasibility of taking into account the personal system of incentives and motivators of a top manager for effective activity.
It is proposed to implement the transition from a qualitative to a quantitative scale for assessing the competencies of managers by assigning verbal assessments of the degree of corresponding points and calculating an aggregate indicator of the level of development of the competencies of the organization’s top managers.
The «20 Facets» model, adapted taking into account the proposed recommendations, can be considered as a convenient and understandable tool for assessing the development level of the competencies of the organization’s managers.

Algebrological Models of Control Flow for Leasing Operations System

D. V. Nikolaenko — 2025-03-31

The problem of introducing innovative solutions in the economy is relevant when time-tested business tools become less effective and it is necessary to resort to the use of new business methods. One of such instruments is leasing, which can become an alternative to rental relations. Many scientific schools studied the phenomenon of leasing. Various approaches to solving problems in this area are developed.
Digitalization of human activity in the economic sphere and the widespread use of IT solutions make management automation tasks relevant, in particular, when building information management systems in the field of leasing operations.
Currently, the development of the computer science infrastructure makes it possible to take a fresh look at this problem and to apply the methods of object analysis, object-oriented design and programming to analyze leasing
relations. Representing the subjects of leasing relations as virtual entities will allow for deeper automation of management.
As a result of the study, models of the states of the leasing operations system and models of the case studies are
constructed with the aim of obtaining elements of the control flow that automate the function of human intelligence.
The obtained results can be used in the development of information and management economic systems.

Evaluation of Confectionery Quality Parameters by QFD analysis: Value-Based Approach

O. I. Chornous — 2025-03-31

The confectionery quality is one of the key factors determining their competitiveness and the level of consumer satisfaction. In today’s highly competitive and saturated market, food industry enterprises face the need for continuous improvement of their products. In this regard, the introduction of scientifically based quality management methods, such as the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method, which allows us to effectively take into account consumer expectations and transform them into specific technical requirements for products, is of particular relevance.
The study examined various approaches to defining the concept of confectionery quality, identified its main characteristics, and determined the key factors influencing consumer perception of quality. The interrelationship of these elements is presented as a quality management model based on the QFD methodology, which helps systematize and structure the process of developing new products and optimizing the existing assortment.
The study identified the main problems affecting the quality of confectionery products, including the discrepancy between products and consumer expectations, insufficient consideration of target audience preferences, weak adaptability of marketing strategies and ineffective interaction between the manufacturer and the consumer.The application of the QFD method and a consumer-oriented approach to quality management enables enterprises to enhance their competitiveness, meet customer demands, and ensure sustainable development in the dynamic market environment.

Assessment of the Donbass Road Bridges Load-Carrying Capacity

L. N. Morozova — 2025-03-31

The analysis of two methods for determining the load-carrying capacity of road bridges, taking into account defects and damages in them, is carried out.
The comparative analysis of these methods is given, the application scope of each method is assessed. It is noted that the main provisions of the methods are the same, but there are some discrepancies. The positive and weak sides of the methods are shown. The calculation of load-bearing capacity using the Russian method has a wider range of calculations and its results are used for a more complete justification and determination of the operational condition of bridges. The calculation of the load-carrying capacity according to the Ukrainian method is somewhat simpler, and the calculation results are not sufficient for the complete justification and determination of the operational condition of the bridges. The possibility of using each of the methods in determining the actual operational condition of the Donbass road bridges is assessed.

Damage Determination in Animal Collisions

Sh. М. Kaziev — 2025-03-31

The issues of determining damage in road accidents involving collisions with animals are considered. Calculations for determining damage to the owner (individual or legal entity) of the animal and the owner of the vehicle are provided. All methods of calculating the live weight of cattle and horses using measurements are not characterized by ideal accuracy, therefore, to obtain an accurate result, it is necessary to carry out weighing. It is proposed to use microchipping to identify domestic animals that pose a danger when appearing on roads. When hitting a wild animal, the driver must pay a fine to the state that is the owner of the hit animal. In order to determine the damage caused to the owner of the vehicle, it is necessary to determine the market value of the vehicle, which can be determined based on the results of statistical observation within the pre-determined geographical boundaries of the vehicle market at the place of the state registration of the victim’s vehicle.

Experimental Studies of the Capacity Values of City Street Lanes

N. N. Dudnikova — 2025-03-31

Intensive maneuvering of vehicles when turning right, left, stopping at the edge of the roadway lead to the creation of individual traffic conditions on the corresponding first and second lanes of the street section. Queues of vehicles, both moving and stationary, lead to the decrease in the throughput of lanes and the street, to the formation of shock waves in the traffic flow and the formation of traffic jams.
The above reveals the relevance and need to improve the existing technique for assigning the throughput of the corresponding lanes of city streets, to the level of a calculation method that takes into account the individual features of maneuvering vehicles within a specific street section. The improvement of this technique was carried out in previous work, which required experimental studies of the capacity values of city street lanes.
Experimental studies and calculations of the throughput values of ten sections of four-lane streets on the street and road network of the city of Donetsk are presented.
Diagrams of the capacity values of the first and second traffic lanes on city street sections, as well as the capacity values of the sections as a whole, are constructed. The calculated capacity values were compared with the maximum total intensities on the sections, the measurements of which were carried out at the same time during the day for each section.
The adequacy of the developed calculation formulas for the throughput capacity of sections with two-lane traffic in one direction was verified using linear correlation analysis. The adequacy is theoretically proven.
The method for calculating the capacity of the first and second traffic lanes, as well as the section of a two-lane street in one direction is formulated.

Renovation of Technical Products as an Innovative Technology for the Formation of the Environmentally Sustainable Transport System

Е. S. Sytnik — 2025-03-31

In the context of global environmental problems associated with climate change and depletion of natural
resources, the transport system plays a key role as one of the sources of anthropogenic emissions. The article examines the renovation of technical products as an innovative tool that contributes to the formation of an environmentally sustainable transport system.
Particular attention is paid to the environmental impact of road transport, which produces up to 73 % of carbon dioxide emissions in the transport sector. The prospects for the implementation of renovation are considered; the
examples of the successful renovation in various industries, including the automotive industry, where major repairs of units and assemblies make it possible to reduce emissions and reduce the volume of resources consumed are given.
The article also analyzes the main problems (economic, technological, legislative, social) that hinder the
widespread implementation of renovation. Recommendations for overcoming them, including the development of
environmental safety standards for products, the introduction of educational programs on environmental literacy, and the provision of government support, are provided.
As a result of the study, it was concluded that renovation is important for achieving sustainable development goals in the context of increasing the resource efficiency of the transport industry and reducing its negative impact on the environment. The authors emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach to the implementation of renovation,
including infrastructure development and stimulation of small and medium-sized enterprises, in order to accelerate the transition to a sustainable model of transport development.

Urgent Problems of Preservation and Extension of the Freight Transport Service Life on the Example of the Municipal Unitary Enterprise «Donekotrans» of the Gorlovka City Administration

N. V. Iushkov — 2025-03-31

On the example of the municipal unitary enterprise «Donekotrans» of the Gorlovka city administration the factors contributing to the increase in downtime of freight transport for technical repairs are analyzed. Among them, it is necessary to highlight the lack of quality spare parts, lack of qualified personnel, economically unjustified tariff, and unfair attitude of city residents to payment for services. The main reasons for the failure of rolling stock are identified, the main one of which is associated with damage to the hydraulic cylinders of the press pushers. Measures to improve the quality of service to the population for waste collection and to increase the culture of people with regard to the
correct disposal of garbage are proposed. The main ones are associated with a change in the tariff for the provision of services to the population, the introduction of fines for the city population, the installation of video surveillance near container sites to control the correct removal of garbage by city residents.

Rolling Stock Selection Methodology for Urban Bus Routes, Taking into Account Economic and Technical Factors

S. А. Legkii — 2025-03-31

The relevance of studying the methodology development for selecting rolling stock for urban bus routes, taking into account economic and technical factors, is due to the fact that passenger bus transport is an essential element of the urban transport system, part of the infrastructure providing the bulk of the population transportation. In some regions of the country, bus transport is the only possible mode of transport. But at the same time, despite the great importance of bus transport, there are serious problems in the organization of its work. In particular, one of the most important problems is the problem of choosing the capacity of rolling stock that corresponds to the passenger traffic capacity and ensures the transportation of passengers at the lowest possible cost of time and money, with the highest possible quality of service and safety.
The analysis of existing methods for choosing the brand and model of rolling stock for urban bus routes has shown that most of them take into account either the quality of passenger transport services or economic factors when choosing. Combined techniques, taking into account several factors when selecting rolling stock, use a rather narrow range of them, which requires scientific justification for its expansion. In addition, the existing techniques are focused on the selection of rolling stock from the brands and models of buses available to the motor transport company and used on existing routes, which makes it difficult to apply them when planning the organization of transportation on new routes.
Based on the analysis of existing techniques for selecting the brand and model of rolling stock for urban bus routes, identifying their advantages and disadvantages, the methodology for selecting rolling stock for these routes are improved. The novelty of the proposed methodology lies in taking into account, when choosing a rolling stock, the cost of transporting one passenger, as well as the group indicator of the competitiveness of buses according to regulatory and technical parameters. In addition, the methodology allows to ensure the maximum level of quality of passenger transport services, taking into account the optimal interval of their movement when choosing the capacity of buses.
The use of the proposed methodology for choosing the brand and model of rolling stock for urban bus routes will allow enterprises of passenger motor transport to provide urban routes with rational rolling stock, which significantly
reduces the cost of transportation and increases the level of profit. In addition, by providing rolling stock with a capacity corresponding to the capacity of passenger traffic and ensuring an optimal interval of movement, the quality of passenger transport services and the level of competitiveness of the services provided are significantly improved. The developed methodology can be used to select the rational rolling stock of other types of transport.

Pressure Losses During Pneumatic Ash Transportation by Swirling Compressed Air Flow in the Pipeline

S. V. Voytsekhovskii — 2025-03-31

The use of flow swirl in pneumatic transport systems for bulk materials allows for the reduction of the transport speed below critical values available with direct flow, or, at the same speed, for increasing the concentration of the material and the productivity of the pneumatic transport system. Along with energy savings, this reduces pipeline wear and degradation of transported particles.
In order to determine the influence of the material mass concentration on pressure losses (and energy efficiency) during ash transportation by a swirling flow of compressed air with varying degrees of swirling, studies are conducted on a pilot plant for pneumatic transport. It is established that a moderate degree of swirl allows to reduce pressure losses in the transport pipeline by 15 %, and a higher degree of swirl allows to increase the mass concentration of the material by 20 % without the material settling out and the occurrence of blockages and jams. The results of the study can be used in the design of pneumatic transport systems using flow swirl.