Bulletin of the Automobile and Highway Institute

Asphalt Granulate – High-Quality Use in the Asphalt Concrete Mixture

V. V. Guba — 2025-06-18

The analysis of the operating experience of highways shows that the asphalt concrete pavement of the road goes out of service much earlier than the established date. This is due to weather and climatic conditions, constantly increasing loads, which negatively affect the operational and strength characteristics of the pavement. Residual deformations
accumulating in the asphalt concrete layer lead to the formation of defects and subsequent pavement destruction. To restore the destroyed pavement, repairs are carried out using expensive asphalt mixtures.
Foreign and domestic experience allows us to conclude that it is possible to reuse old milled asphalt concrete. Asphalt granulate obtained by milling destroyed asphalt concrete can be fully used as part of a new asphalt mix. For high-quality use of the asphalt granulate, it is necessary to confirm its compliance with regulatory requirements. Sorting, storage, further processing and use as part of the asphalt mix are strictly stipulated by the regulatory requirements for the ACP, asphalt granulate and asphalt mix. The quantity and quality of the organic binder plays an important role in the asphalt granulate composition. The organic binder in the sufficient quantity makes it possible to reduce the cost of adding new bitumen. The quality of old bitumen can be improved by introducing modifying additives.

Choosing a Rational Type of Rolling Stock to Operate on Public City Bus Routes

N. А. Selezneva — 2025-06-18

Passenger transport is one of the key systems that ensures the life of the city, since its work has a direct impact on both economic activity and the comfort level of residents. Most residents, regardless of their social status and position, choose public transport to move around the city. The role of the public passenger transport in the life of almost any country is extremely large. The main goal of the public transport in the city is to provide residents with the opportunity to get to important city objects. As cities grow and distances increase beyond convenient walking distances from the city centre, the availability of public transport becomes increasingly important. Typically, walking distance is limited to half an hour's walk, which corresponds to a maximum distance of two kilometers. The development of modern cities is directly accompanied by an increase in their territory, the removal of residential areas from places of employment and, of course, the migration of the population to new residential outskirts. The consequence of all this is an increase in the distance and time spent on the journey of passengers from their place of residence to work, an increase in the population that uses public transport, and an increase in the average number of trips per capita per year. One way to solve this problem is to consider the issue of choosing a rational type of rolling stock for work on city bus routes.
For this purpose, it is proposed to choose the type and quantity of rolling stock for operation on city bus routes depending on the time of day. During peak hours, a bus with a higher capacity based on maximum passenger flow is selected (type I bus), and during off-peak hours, a bus with a lower capacity based on average hourly passenger flow on the route (type II bus). With this approach to choosing a rational type of rolling stock for operation on a city bus route, its quantity is proposed to be determined using the bus type distribution coefficient КТр. When determining the number of type I buses, it is proposed to take the value КТр = 0,6, and for type II buses – КТр = 0,4. The proposed approach to choosing a rational type and number of rolling stock is advisable to use on city bus routes with high passenger traffic capacity.
The proposed approach to choosing a rational type of the rolling stock for operation on city bus routes will help minimize the time spent by passengers on travel and improve the quality of transport services for the city’s population.

Phantom Traffic Jams as an Implicit Manifestation of Traffic Congestion

N. V. Iushkov — 2025-06-18

The key causes of phantom traffic jams, which are formed without visible obstacles and are a consequence of the driver behaviour and traffic organization features, are considered. It is established that traditional methods of
combating congestion, such as widening roads, do not always lead to the desired result, since an increase in capacity is often accompanied by an increase in the number of cars on the roads.
The principle of spontaneous congestion formation is investigated from the point of view of the analogy of physical processes. Experimental studies of modern authors demonstrating the influence of small fluctuations on the stability of the traffic flow are analyzed.
At the synergistic level, solving the problem of phantom traffic jams requires an integrated approach that
includes both technological innovations and organizational changes in the traffic management.
Many authors note that the priority vector for the development of the transport system is the introduction of unmanned vehicles. This approach solves the main problem of the formation of phantom traffic jams – human influence. However, despite these advantages, unmanned technologies are not currently widely used due to the legal and legislative uncertainty and expensive capital investments.
In this regard, the most pragmatic solutions involve the use of the advanced vehicle speed control system known as adaptive cruise control. This technology allows the driver to maintain a set speed, automatically adjusting it depending on road conditions and the distance to the vehicle in front.

Improving the Methodological Aspects of the Environmental Safety Assessment of a Motor Transport Enterprise

О. L. Darienko — 2025-06-18

The complexity and diversity of technological processes leading to the significant negative impact on the environment necessitate the development of a unified methodology for assessing the level of environmental safety of motor transport enterprises.
Existing methods for assessing the anthropogenic impact of business entities on the environment do not provide for a multifaceted analysis and cannot be used as a tool for making management decisions at motor transport enterprises.
To resolve this contradiction, the article proposes an improved methodology for assessing the environmental safety of a motor transport enterprise based on the generalized Harrington desirability function.
The methodology allows for a comprehensive assessment of the environmental safety of emissions, discharges and generated waste on a single dimensionless scale, and for a comparative analysis of the environmental safety of various technological processes within a single enterprise or between enterprises in the motor transport industry.
The proposed methodology allows us to identify problem areas in the technological processes of a motor transport enterprise with the subsequent formation of a portfolio of innovative projects aimed at reducing the anthropogenic impact on the environment.

Emissions from Primary Production and Renovation of Products

B. V. Namakonov — 2025-06-18

In the context of increasing anthropogenic impact on the climate system, characterized by accelerated growth of CO2 concentration and rising global temperatures, the study proposes a methodology for quantitatively assessing the reduction of the carbon footprint of industry through the renovation of technical products. The developed calculation algorithm takes into account key parameters of the production cycle, including material consumption coefficients, energy efficiency and product durability indicators.
The analysis conducted demonstrates a significant environmental advantage of the renovation over the primary production. It is established that the restoration of products allows for a 100-fold reduction in greenhouse gas emissions for various materials (steel, copper, aluminum). The example of the automotive industry shows the significant potential for reducing CO2 emissions – up to 75,9 million tons annually with the mass implementation of renovation.
The universality of the proposed methodology, which can be adapted for various metal-intensive industries,
including aircraft and shipbuilding, is of particular value. The integration of the approach into the environmental
management systems of enterprises creates the basis for automated accounting of the carbon footprint and the optimization of production processes.
The results of the study have important practical significance for the implementation of industrial decarbonization strategies in accordance with the goals of the Paris Agreement. The introduction of the renovation as a strategic management tool allows not only to significantly reduce the environmental burden, but also to create economic prerequisites for the transition to a cyclical economic model.
The work is intended for environmental engineers, specialists in research, design, construction, manufacture and use of technical products.

Assessment of the Numerical Values of its Components

L. V. Tselikova — 2025-06-18

Assessment of the living environment impact on the life and health of students based on the quantitative
indicators of its components is especially relevant today. It is the focus of many scientific and practical studies. At the same time, there are a number of applied questions in relation to a specific object that fall outside the scope of scientific research. In this regard, it was decided to conduct a study and assess the state of the living environment in a student dormitory located along a busy highway and its impact on the safety of students living there.
One of the research tools was a sociological survey of students, which included a number of questions to
identify the most significant factors in the internal environment of residential premises in a student dormitory that affect the safety of their life. The data from the questionnaire processing showed that such factors as low-frequency electric and magnetic fields, microclimatic conditions, lighting of living quarters, the volume of anthropogenic emissions from motor vehicles into the air near the university dormitories and their impact on the internal environment of student living rooms are significant for the respondents. Using the simplest measuring instruments and mathematical calculations, quantitative indicators of the most important components of the student living environment in the dormitory were
determined. The results obtained allowed us to assert that their numerical values in real living conditions do not
contradict the safety of students’ life and are within the permissible limits determined by regulatory documents.

The Objective Need to Increase the Competitiveness of Domestic Enterprises

V. S. Meshkova — 2025-06-18

One of the key tools for solving strategic problems in ensuring sustainable development of enterprises is to
increase the level of competitiveness. The competitive sustainability is a parameter that allows us to determine the
future potential of a company in a specific market, and its dynamics more accurately determine the stages of the life cycle for reacting and modelling the situation.
The competitiveness of a country depends on the competitiveness of its domestic enterprises. At present, Russian enterprises are faced with an increasing number of threats and uncertainties when interacting with foreign companies. Therefore, the priority is to ensure the sustainability and stability of their work, increasing competitiveness in the international market, which will affect the economic development of the country and improve the living standard of population.
The competitiveness in the modern economic context has come to the fore as a condition for achieving a
sustainable high level of enterprise development.
As practice shows, the solution to the problem of increasing the competitiveness causes great difficulties and is problematic for many enterprises in the current economic situation due to the lack of clear strategies, financial and
economic goals and organizational criteria. In modern conditions, in order to compete successfully, companies need not only to update technology and technical equipment, study national and international markets, but also identify their own capabilities, weaknesses and vulnerabilities of competitors, which have a dominant influence on the competitiveness and determine its main directions.
Sustainable increase in the competitiveness of an enterprise can be ensured only under conditions of long-term, constant and progressive improvement of all factors that determine the competitiveness.

Mechanism Creation of the Communication Interaction between Business, Government and Society in the Field of Corporate Social Responsibility

E. A. Zaglada — 2025-06-18

The processes of the communication interaction between business, the state and society remain an important problem of forming an institutional environment. Improving cooperation in the field of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) requires compliance with the rules and principles of partnership and mutually beneficial interaction.
The conducted study allowed us to determine the priority areas of the CSR based on the specifics of business. In Russia, these areas have their own characteristics. In order to successfully implement the CSR, a company must integrate it into its strategy, take into account the expectations of stakeholders and effectively use its own resources. After selecting priority areas, it is necessary to develop the CSR management system that includes decision-making mechanisms, control, monitoring and evaluation of the effectiveness of the activities implemented.
CSR can be implemented in stages, paying attention to priorities and resources, or use more comprehensive approaches. The main thing is to integrate the CSR into strategic decisions and management processes of the company. To determine the needs of the population, it is important to interact with resource organizations that work with social problems, such as social protection departments, trade unions, public and charitable organizations.
The study shows that the CSR mechanism is based on the responsibility of business, the state and society, united by common goals. The main task is to improve the quality of life and create conditions for the development of man and society through a socially oriented production model.

Industrial Enterprise Management in the Digital Economy

А. R. Мoiseenko — 2025-06-18

In the context of the rapid development of the global economy, the digitalization and the introduction of
information and communication technologies are becoming the most important factors determining the competitiveness of industrial enterprises. The article examines the digital transformation, which includes not only the automation of
existing processes, but also the creation of new interaction models based on digital technologies. This leads to qualitative changes in communication, which allows to transmit and receive data more efficiently, as well as optimize work activities. Modern businesses face challenges associated with globalization and the concept of the «fourth industrial revolution». Traditional production management methods no longer provide the necessary profitability, and digitalization is becoming the basis for creating competitive advantages. The use of modern technologies such as ERP systems and artificial intelligence allows us to optimize production processes and adapt to changes in the global economy.
The analysis of the possibilities of management and optimization of production processes through the integration of ERP systems with digital technologies is carried out. The factors influencing the speed and success of the implementation of digital technologies, as well as key areas of digital transformation, such as project virtualization and production
automation, are presented. Principles that help unlock the digitalization potential include interoperability, virtualization of control, decentralization of systems and modularity. Despite the obvious advantages, the implementation of digital technologies is associated with high costs and the need to restructure business processes. The success of digital
transformation depends on the availability of internal resources, qualified personnel and strategic vision. It is also
important to consider that digitalization is not just a technical update, but also a change in organizational culture and business processes.

Definition of the Model for Creating and Filling with Information the Regional Information Accounting System of the Intellectual Property Objects in New Subjects of the Russian Federation

S. L. Rusov — 2025-06-18

The issue of forming a management system of the intellectual activity results and equivalent means of individualization is one of the main tasks of the activities of all subjects of the Russian Federation for the purposes of their socio-economic
development, and even more so for newly annexed Russian regions.
Based on the analysis of existing accounting systems of intellectual property objects in Russia (hereinafter as the accounting system), their institutional organizations, as well as regulatory legal acts in the specified area, the most optimal and rational model solutions are identified and proposed for new subjects of the Federation in terms of the principle of constructing their regional accounting systems, the institutional organization of such systems, as well as their information content.
Based on the results of the conducted research, it is proposed:
− to adopt the Unified State Information System for Accounting of Scientific Research, Experimental Design and Technological Work for Civil Purposes as the basis for the model for constructing the accounting system;
– the holder of the accounting system shall be the regional executive body authorized to resolve issues related to the construction of a system for managing rights to intellectual property objects in a given constituent entity of the Federation;
– the forms of information cards approved by the Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated 06.02.2023 № 108 shall be taken as the basis for the model of the principle of organizing its information content.
The implementation of the recommendations given in the work will make it possible to create modern accounting systems in new regions of the Russian Federation with minimal expenditure of material, time, information and human resources necessary for the formation of a regional system of accounting for intellectual property objects in each of them.

Analysis of the Russian Federation Role in the Global Fuel and Energy Complex

О. N. Sharnapolskaia — 2025-06-18

In the current conditions of the changing geopolitical situation and the desire of many countries for energy
independence and the transition to more sustainable energy sources, the analysis of the Russian Federation role and
significance in the global fuel and energy complex is a relevant and important task that has geopolitical, economic, technological and environmental significance, influencing the adoption of informed decisions in the field of resource policy, ensuring sustainable development and strengthening Russia’s position on the world stage.
The analysis showed that the United States has been the undisputed leader in oil and gas production for a long time. This trend is due to the fact that US companies produce energy resources not on their own territory. As a result, the United States is trying to influence the politics and economy of other countries. Countries began to unite in alliances such as OPEC+ and BRICS to counter the pressure exerted by the United States.
The fuel and energy complex of the Russian Federation is currently going through difficult times, as the
production and export of energy resources has decreased due to the imposed sanctions. While exports from Russia have declined, countries with growing economies, such as China and India, are increasing energy production to ensure their economic independence.
Economic sanctions against Russia have an unprecedented impact on the global economy and its key sectors, including energy. The development prospects may be the most unfavourable for Western consumers. At the same time, for the Russian fuel and energy complex, the current challenges may become new opportunities in the technological development, investment and international partnership.