EVOLUTION AND MODERN FORMS OF EUROPEAN NEO-FASCISM: FACTORS OF REVIVAL AND SOCIO-POLITICAL THREATS
Keywords:
neo-fascism, European fascism, ultra-right populism, nationalism, xenophobia, political radicalism, ideological transformation, crisis of democracy, migration, Russophobia, Western Europe, historical revisionismAbstract
The article examines the phenomenon of the revival and transformation of fascist
ideology in Western European countries at the end of the XX – first third of the XXI century.
Based on the theoretical approaches of V. E. Baghdasaryan, S. S. Sulakshin and the historical
definitions of the Comintern, the author highlights the essential features of modern fascism. The
article analyzes two main stages of the evolution of neo-fascism after the Second World War, as
well as a complex of objective and subjective factors (demographic, political, and economic)
contributing to its activation. Special attention is paid to the classification of forms of neofascism
at the level of ideology ("civilizational fascism", parliamentary populism) and political
practice (Russophobia, revisionism of history). The conclusion is made about the high adaptability
of neo-fascism, its ability to imitate democratic institutions in order to achieve its goals and
the need to develop a comprehensive counteraction strategy.
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