Gas Motor Fuel as a Factor in Diversifying the Fuel Base of Russian Automobile Transport

Abstract

In the context of depleted oil reserves and tightening environmental regulations, Russia is faced with the need to diversify fuel supplies for motor transport. Natural gas motor fuel (NMF) is considered a promising alternative to traditional petroleum products, helping to reduce harmful emissions and increase energy sustainability.

The aim of the study is a comprehensive assessment of the potential of the main types of NMF – liquefied
petroleum gas (LPG), compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) – for the possibilities of diversifying the fuel base of motor transport in the Russian Federation.

The conducted analysis allowed us to draw a conclusion about a clear functional distribution of different types of natural gas-motor fuel in the fuel system of motor vehicles. LPG, demonstrating high economic efficiency and relative ease of implementation in the passenger and light commercial transport sector, requires the development of filling
infrastructure to fully realize its potential. CNG, with its significant environmental benefits, is especially in demand in the urban transport segment, but its mass distribution is hampered by technical limitations, limited range on one filling and an insufficient number of CNG filling stations. LNG is most effective for long-haul transportation, but the shortage of cryogenic filling stations and the high cost of creating cryogenic infrastructure remain the main restraining factor for its large-scale implementation.

A special place in the study is occupied by a comparative analysis of the performance characteristics of engines running on different types of fuel, which is supplemented by a detailed assessment of environmental parameters.

The methodological basis of the study includes a comprehensive statistical analysis, a comparative assessment of technical and economic indicators and a detailed analysis of environmental efficiency. The conclusions of the work are supported by specific digital data and statistical calculations, which made it possible to create an objective picture of the current state and prospects for the development of natural gas motor fuel in Russia.

The results confirm that each type of LNG fuel occupies its own niche in the fuel balance of motor vehicles, and their comprehensive implementation can ensure a smooth transition to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly fuel supply model.